Idaho, situated in the western United States, is renowned for its natural beauty, agricultural output, and opportunities for outdoor recreation. With a population of approximately 1.8 million people, it ranks as the 39th most populous state in the nation.
Nevertheless, not all regions of Idaho are undergoing growth at an equal pace. In reality, as per the 2020 Census, certain counties in Idaho have witnessed a notable decrease in population over the past decade.
This article delves into the five Idaho counties experiencing the most substantial population decline from 2010 to 2020, based on the percentage change in population.
| County | Population (2020) | Population Change (2010-2020) | Population Density (per sq. mi.) | Median Age (years) | Median Household Income ($) |
| Custer | 4,248 | -2.75% | 2 | 53.9 | 41,667 |
| Clark | 733 | -25.36% | 0.42 | 40.6 | 40,000 |
| Butte | 2,478 | -14.29% | 1 | 50.8 | 45,000 |
| Lewis | 3,446 | -9.81% | 7 | 50.8 | 43,750 |
| Camas | 1,065 | -4.66% | 1 | 46.5 | 49,375 |
Custer County
Custer County, situated in central Idaho and spanning 1,900 square miles, ranks as the state’s second-largest county in terms of land area. With a population of 4,248 individuals, there has been a 2.75% decline since 2010. It stands out as one of Idaho’s least densely populated counties, boasting a mere 2 people per square mile.
Named in honor of General George Armstrong Custer, who met his end at the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876, Custer County boasts a storied past rooted in mining, ranching, and logging—industries that continue to play pivotal roles in the county today.
Additionally, the demographic landscape of Custer County reveals a low percentage of individuals under 18 years old (14.7%) and a notable proportion of residents aged over 65 (30.9%).
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Clark County
Clark County, situated in eastern Idaho and spanning 681 square miles, holds a population of 733 individuals. This marks a 25.36% decrease from the 2010 census. It stands as the least populated county in Idaho and the third least populated in the entire United States, boasting only 0.42 people per square mile.
Despite its sparse population, the region features noteworthy natural attractions such as the Camas National Wildlife Refuge, a habitat for migratory birds and other wildlife.
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Butte County
Butte County, situated in southeastern Idaho, spans an area of 863 square miles. The county is home to a population of 2,478 individuals, marking a 14.29% decrease from the 2010 figures. Ranking as the second-least populated county in Idaho, Butte County averages only 1 person per square mile.
In addition to its demographic details, Butte County boasts historical and cultural landmarks. Notable sites include the Experimental Breeder Reactor I, recognized as the first nuclear reactor to generate electricity, and the Lost River Museum, showcasing artifacts and fossils from the region.
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Lewis County
Lewis County, situated in north-central Idaho, spans an area of 185 square miles. With a population of 3,446 individuals, there has been a 9.81% decline since 2010. It holds the distinction of being the smallest county in Idaho in terms of land area and the fourth-smallest by population, boasting a density of 7 people per square mile.
The county derives its name from Meriwether Lewis, one of the leaders of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, which extensively explored the region in 1805. Notably, Lewis County exhibits a relatively low percentage of residents under 18 years old (16.4%) and a higher proportion of individuals aged over 65 (26.3%).
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Camas County
Camas County, situated in south-central Idaho and spanning 415 square miles, is home to a population of 1,065 people, marking a 4.66% decline since 2010. It stands as the third-least populated county in Idaho, boasting only one person per square mile.
Named after the camas root, a vital food source for both Native Americans and early settlers, Camas County is renowned for its picturesque landscapes within the Sawtooth Mountains and the Camas Prairie.
In addition to its natural beauty, Camas County offers various recreational and cultural attractions. Notable among them is the Soldier Mountain Ski Area, providing opportunities for skiing and snowboarding, and the historic Fairfield Ranger Station, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
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Final Words
In summary, Idaho encompasses a variety of counties, each possessing distinct characteristics, challenges, and opportunities. Despite this diversity, certain Idaho counties have experienced notable population declines over the past decade, potentially giving rise to various social, economic, and environmental consequences.
The counties facing the most significant population decline from 2010 to 2020 include Custer, Clark, Butte, Lewis, and Camas. Shared factors contributing to their decline encompass isolation, an aging population, outmigration, limited services, and a seasonal economy.
Nevertheless, these counties also boast unique attributes that render them appealing and valuable, such as natural beauty, rich historical and cultural heritage, and contributions to scientific and agricultural innovation.
Consequently, it becomes imperative to comprehend the root causes and repercussions of population decline in these areas, as well as to explore viable means of supporting and revitalizing them.
