North Carolina stands out as one of the rapidly expanding states in the country, boasting a population exceeding 10.7 million people in 2023. Nonetheless, the growth is not uniform across all regions within the state.
Certain counties have undergone substantial population contractions over the past ten years, attributed to diverse factors including aging, migration patterns, economic challenges, and natural disasters.
This article aims to delve into the five North Carolina counties that have witnessed the most significant percentage decline in population from 2010 to 2020, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau.
| County | Population Decline (%) | Population (2020) |
| Tyrrell | -26.4 | 3,226 |
| Northampton | -20.9 | 17,820 |
| Hyde | -21 | 4,937 |
| Anson | -18.2 | 20,588 |
| Washington | -16.8 | 10,914 |
Tyrrell County: -26.4%
Tyrrell County, situated in the northeastern region of North Carolina along the Albemarle Sound, holds the distinction of being the least populous county in the state, with a mere 3,226 residents recorded as of 2020.
Notably, it has experienced the most significant population decrease, witnessing a decline of 26.4% since 2010. The county is predominantly rural and agricultural, reflected in its modest median household income of $32,500.
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Northampton County: -20.9%
Northampton County, situated in the northeastern part of North Carolina and adjacent to Virginia, has a population of 17,820 as of 2020, reflecting a 20.9% decline from 2010.
Established in 1741, Northampton County holds the distinction of being one of the oldest counties in the state. The community boasts a vibrant history and culture, with a notable influence from the African American community, constituting 56% of the population.
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Hyde County: -21%
Hyde County, located in the eastern part of North Carolina, is a coastal county with a population of 4,937 as of 2020, experiencing a 21% decrease from 2010.
Renowned for its natural splendor and diverse wildlife, Hyde County is notable for landmarks such as Ocracoke Island, a part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore, and the Lake Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge.
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Anson County: -18.2%
Anson County, located in the south-central region of North Carolina, had a population of 20,588 in 2020, marking an 18.2% decline from 2010. Established in 1750, it stands as one of the state’s oldest counties.
The county boasts a diverse demographic makeup, comprising 48% white, 46% black, and 4% Hispanic or Latino residents. Known for its rich agricultural history, Anson County has been a hub for cultivating crops like cotton, soybeans, corn, and wheat.
Despite this agricultural legacy, the county grapples with significant challenges, including high poverty rates, lower educational attainment, and limited economic prospects.
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Washington County: -16.8%
Washington County, situated in the northeastern region of North Carolina, had a population of 10,914 in 2020, reflecting a 16.8% decrease from the 2010 figures.
Nestled along the Pamlico River and the Albemarle Sound, Washington County boasts a vibrant history and culture, particularly within its Native American community, comprising 11% of the total population. The county sustains a robust agricultural sector, yielding crops like peanuts, sweet potatoes, corn, and soybeans.
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How Does the Population Decline Affect These Counties?
A decline in population can bring about several consequences for counties, including:
1. Diminished workforce and economic growth.
2. Decreased demand for housing and services.
3. A higher percentage of elderly and dependent population.
4. Reduced tax revenue and public spending.
5. Erosion of social and cultural vibrancy.
Addressing these effects through suitable policies and interventions is crucial for maintaining the livability and sustainability of the counties.
Conclusion
In the past decade, Tyrrell, Northampton, Hyde, Anson, and Washington stand out as the five North Carolina counties with the sharpest population decline.
These areas share common traits like rural settings, low income, elevated poverty rates, and limited economic prospects.
Moreover, they confront distinct challenges including geographical remoteness, environmental susceptibility, and cultural diversity.
To uplift these counties and enhance their standard of living, it is crucial for them to receive increased support and investment from both state and federal governments, as well as from private and nonprofit sectors.
Despite their struggles, these counties possess valuable assets and strengths, such as scenic landscapes, rich historical heritage, and resilient communities. Leveraging these resources can pave the way for a more prosperous and sustainable future.
