Indiana presents a paradoxical landscape, encompassing both rapidly expanding and culturally diverse counties, alongside others that are experiencing decline and maintaining a more uniform demographic.
As indicated by the 2020 U.S. Census, Indiana’s overall population surged by 4.7%, reaching approximately 6.8 million residents.
However, a noteworthy observation emerges when delving into county-specific data, revealing that over half of Indiana’s counties witnessed a decline in population over the past decade. This article will delve into the five counties that experienced the most substantial population decrease, exploring the factors contributing to their decline.
| County | Population (2010) | Population (2020) | Percentage Decline |
| Switzerland | 10,613 | 9,731 | 8.30% |
| Greene | 33,165 | 30,813 | 7.10% |
| Parke | 17,339 | 16,163 | 6.80% |
| Pulaski | 13,402 | 12,516 | 6.60% |
| Randolph | 26,171 | 24,501 | 6.40% |
Switzerland County
Switzerland County, situated in southeastern Indiana along the Ohio River, holds the distinction of being the state’s smallest county in terms of area. It experienced the most significant population decline, with a decrease of 8.3%.
The county’s population dwindled from 10,613 in 2010 to 9,731 in 2020. Primarily rural, Switzerland County relies heavily on agriculture and tourism as its main economic drivers. Renowned for its picturesque landscapes, historical landmarks, and the annual Swiss Wine Festival, the county boasts a unique blend of attractions.
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Greene County
Greene County, situated in the southwestern region of Indiana, lies between the cities of Bloomington and Terre Haute. It holds the distinction of being the largest county in the state in terms of land area, yet it experienced the second-highest percentage population decline, totaling 7.1%. The county’s population decreased from 33,165 in 2010 to 30,813 in 2020.
Primarily rural, Greene County’s economic landscape is characterized by industries such as coal mining, farming, and manufacturing. Notably, the county is home to the Goose Pond Fish and Wildlife Area, a popular spot for birdwatching and hunting enthusiasts.
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Parke County
Parke County, situated in west-central Indiana along the Wabash River, ranks as the third-smallest county in the state based on its land area.
Notably, it experienced a population decline of 6.8%, making it the third-largest decrease in percentage among Indiana counties. The population dwindled from 17,339 in 2010 to 16,163 in 2020.
Renowned for its covered bridges, Parke County draws in thousands of visitors annually, especially during the Covered Bridge Festival. Beyond its iconic bridges, the county boasts a rich historical background, featuring numerous landmarks and museums.
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Pulaski County
Pulaski County, situated in north-central Indiana between South Bend and Lafayette, holds the distinction of being the fourth-smallest county in the state based on area. Notably, it experienced a population decline of 6.6%, ranking it fourth in the state in terms of percentage decrease. The county’s population decreased from 13,402 in 2010 to 12,516 in 2020.
Primarily rural, Pulaski County’s key economic drivers are agriculture and food processing. The county is particularly recognized for its significant pork production, contributing more than half of its agricultural income.
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Randolph County
Randolph County is situated in east-central Indiana, near the Ohio border. It ranks as the 11th smallest county in the state in terms of area and experienced a notable population decline, ranking fifth with a decrease of 6.4%. The county’s population decreased from 26,171 in 2010 to 24,501 in 2020.
The county is predominantly rural and sustains its economy through farming, manufacturing, and health care. With a rich Quaker heritage, Randolph County is home to numerous Quaker meeting houses and cemeteries.
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Some Other Counties in Indiana That Have Lost Population
Several other counties in Indiana have experienced a decline in population:
- Union County: Witnessed a population decrease of 6.63% from 2010 to 2020.
- Blackford County: Experienced a population decline of 6.59% from 2010 to 2020.
- Delaware County: Recorded the most significant drop in population, losing nearly 5,800 residents from 2010 to 2020.
- Madison County: Had a natural decrease of over 300 residents in 2022, indicating more deaths than births.
- Howard County: Also saw a natural decrease of over 300 residents in 2022.
These instances are just a few examples of the numerous rural counties in Indiana that have faced population decline over the past decade.
Conclusion
The top five counties in Indiana experiencing the fastest population decline are all rural areas confronting common challenges such as limited economic opportunities, a lack of diversity, and insufficient services. Despite these difficulties, these counties boast distinctive features and attractions that render them noteworthy and worthy of preservation.
To counteract the decline in population, these counties must prioritize investments in infrastructure, education, healthcare, and tourism. Additionally, promoting their unique cultural and natural assets will enhance their overall quality of life, drawing in more residents and visitors alike.
